Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Typical signs:

·  Highly sensitive, anxious, can feel overwhelmed by environment and socializing  

·  High intelligence, analytical with an extensive vocabulary 

·  Good at giving the appearance of social success but struggles to understand and maintain it

·  Repetitive movement/behavior that can be well hidden, as “masking” helps them fit in  

·  Preference for fixed routines and rituals 

·  Intense special interests that can change over time, they have extensive knowledge of certain subjects, often used to escape from stress

·  Disorganized or poor eye contact, which can also be “masked” when trying to fit in  

·  Can have a history of changing jobs, majors in school, changing friend groups 

·  Often perceived by others as shy, quirky, odd and unique

·  Can have family members on the spectrum

Sensory

·  Sensory processing difficulties can appear as both:

o  hypersensitivity to light, noise, smell and other senses

o  hyposensitivity and sensation-seeking  

·  Poor proprioception, clumsiness, accident prone

·  Stimming (self-stimulating repetitive behavior) especially as a way to redirect self from uncomfortable sensations can appear as fidgeting, leg bouncing, skin picking, massaging self, swaying when standing, humming, cracking knuckles, biting lip, tensing muscles, viewing visual stimuli and many more

·  Sensitive to certain fabrics, tags and has preference for comfortable rather than fashionable clothing  

·  Need to be in control of environment: adjust lighting, volume, etc.  

·  Hypersensitivity to medications, caffeine, drugs/alcohol 

·  Hypersensitive to certain foods and prone to food intolerances may make them a picky eater and cause GI problems 

Social

·  Often seen as shy and introverted in an uncomfortable setting but can be bossy with a need for order and control in a comfortable setting 

·  Preference for one-on-one social interactions 

·  Too honest and lacking awareness of social rules

·  Difficulty detecting lies or motivations of others  

·  Difficulty relating to others or seeing from their perspective 

·  Trouble interpreting nonverbal communication

·  May adopt alternative personas, a chameleon who changes personalities according to social setting 

·  May identify someone who is popular as “socially successful” and try to mimic their behavior, clothing, body language, interests, etc.

·  Naivety, socially immature, acting younger than age, vulnerable to social/sexual abuse

·  Difficulties with conflict resolution: will people-please as a way to avoid conflict and prone to “burning bridges” as a way to escape conflict

·  May prefer friends younger or older to peers their own age, taking on roles as the “teacher” with younger friends or “student” with older friends  

·  Intense relationships or friendships, romantic partner often becomes the “special interest,” they may require daily verbal reassurance of their partner’s feelings for them

·  May look at friendships and relationships in a transactional way  

·  May prefer online socializing to in-person and prefer texting to other forms of communication 

·  May prefer friendships with males, as they are easier to understand than female friendship dynamics 

Emotion

·  Physical and emotional exhaustion from socializing, usually needing to isolate themselves and recharge after socializing 

·  Often anxious and depressed

·  May have chronic low self-esteem from feeling different and less successful at life

·  Emotional melt-downs or shutting down can occur in response to feeling overwhelmed

·  Lacks ability to describe emotions, manage emotions, and read emotions of other people 

·  Self-medicating with drugs or alcohol and/or self-harm can result from inability to cope with feelings 

·  Can feel deeply affected by violence and disturbing scenes in media

·  Difficulty regulating emotions and trouble in relationships can be misinterpreted and are often misdiagnosed as Borderline Personality Disorder, Bipolar Disorder & more

Cognitive

·  Black or white (all or nothing) thinking 

·  Ability to focus intensely but can be highly distracted in overwhelming environment

·  Autodidactic, has many self-taught skills 

·  Perfectionistic, great attention to detail but can fail to see bigger picture

·  Takes things literally, may take longer to process information 

·  Challenges with executive function, planning, time management

·  Difficulty comprehending certain types of humor like sarcasm, may prefer more obvious, nonsensical humor to other types 

·  Lack understanding their own identity 

·  Lack ability to see how they’re perceived by others  

Common comorbidities with ASD

·  Food intolerances or allergy (11%)

·  Respiratory allergies (19%) 

·  Skin allergies (17%)

·  Anorexia nervosa (23%)

·  OCD (30%)

·  Depression (20%)

·  Anxiety (40-80%)

·  Sensory processing disorder (40-80%)

·  Sleep disturbances (50-80%)